Table of Contents

Part I: Introduction




Chapter 1: Overview

• 1.1 Welcome
• 1.2 About Locales and Iostreams
• 1.3 Overview of Documentation
• 1.4 Overview of This Manual



Part II: Locales




Chapter 2: Internationalization and Localization

• 2.1 Defining the Terms
• 2.2 Localizing Cultural Conventions
• 2.2.1 Language
• 2.2.2 Numbers
• 2.2.3 Currency
• 2.2.4 Time and Date
• 2.2.5 Ordering
• 2.3 Character Encodings for Localizing Alphabets
• 2.3.1 Multibyte Encodings
• 2.3.2 Wide Characters
• 2.3.3 Conversion between Multibyte and Wide Characters
• 2.4 Summary

Chapter 3: The C and C++ Locales

• 3.1 The C Locale
• 3.2 The C++ Locales
• 3.2.1 Facets
• 3.3 Differences between the C Locale and the C++ Locales
• 3.3.1 Common Uses of the C locale
• 3.3.2 Common Uses of C++ Locales
• 3.3.3 The Relationship between the C Locale and the C++ Locale
• 3.4 The Locale Object

Chapter 4: Facets

• 4.1 Understanding Facet Types
• 4.2 Facet Lifetimes
• 4.3 Accessing a Locale's Facets
• 4.4 Using a Stream's Facet
• 4.5 Modifying a Standard Facet's Behavior
• 4.6 Creating a New Base Facet Class

Chapter 5: Building Your Own Facet Class

• 5.1 An Example of Formatting Phone Numbers
• 5.2 A Phone Number Class
• 5.3 A Phone Number Formatting Facet Class
• 5.4 An Inserter for Phone Numbers
• 5.5 The Phone Number Facet Class Revisited
• 5.5.1 Adding Data Members
• 5.5.2 Adding Country Codes
• 5.6 An Example of a Derived Facet Class
• 5.7 Using Phone Number Facets
• 5.8 Formatting Phone Numbers
• 5.9 Improving the Inserter Function
• 5.9.1 Primitive Caching
• 5.9.2 Registration of a Callback Function
• 5.9.3 Improving the Inserter



Part III: Iostreams




Chapter 6: The Architecture of Iostreams

• 6.1 What Are the Standard Iostreams?
• 6.1.1 Type Safety
• 6.1.2 Extensibility to New Types
• 6.2 How Do the Standard Iostreams Work?
• 6.2.1 The Iostream Layers
• 6.2.2 File and In-Memory I/O
• 6.3 How Do the Standard Iostreams Help Solve Problems?
• 6.4 The Internal Structure of the Iostreams Layers
• 6.4.1 The Internal Structure of the Formatting Layer
• 6.4.2 The Transport Layer's Internal Structure
• 6.4.3 Collaboration of Streams and Stream Buffers
• 6.4.4 Collaboration of Locales and Iostreams

Chapter 7: Formatted Input and Output

• 7.1 The Predefined Streams
• 7.2 Input and Output Operators
• 7.3 Format Control Using the Stream's Format State
• 7.3.1 Format Parameters
• 7.3.2 Manipulators
• 7.4 Localization Using the Stream's Locale
• 7.5 Formatted Input
• 7.5.1 Skipping Characters
• 7.5.2 Input of Strings

Chapter 8: Error State of Streams

• 8.1 About Flags
• 8.2 Checking the Stream State
• 8.3 Catching Exceptions

Chapter 9: File Input and Output

• 9.1 About File Streams
• 9.1.1 The Difference between Predefined Streams and File Streams
• 9.1.2 Code Conversion in Wide Character Streams
• 9.2 Working with File Streams
• 9.2.1 Creating and Opening File Stream Objects
• 9.2.2 Checking a File Stream's Status
• 9.2.3 Closing a File Stream
• 9.3 The Open Mode
• 9.3.1 The Open Mode Flags
• 9.3.2 Combining Open Modes
• 9.3.3 Default Open Modes
• 9.4 Binary and Text Mode
• 9.5 File Positioning
• 9.5.1 How Positioning Works with the Iostream Architecture

Chapter 10: Input and Output In Memory

• 10.1 About stringstreams
• 10.2 The Internal Buffer
• 10.3 The Open Modes

Chapter 11: Input and Output of User Types

• 11.1 A Note on User-Defined Types
• 11.2 An Example with a User-Defined Type
• 11.3 A Simple Extractor and Inserter for the Example
• 11.4 Improved Extractors and Inserters
• 11.5 More Improved Extractors and Inserters
• 11.5.1 Applying the Recommendations to the Example
• 11.5.2 An Afterthought
• 11.6 Patterns for Extractors and Inserters of User-Defined Types

Chapter 12: Manipulators

• 12.1 A Recap of Manipulators
• 12.2 Manipulators without Parameters
• 12.2.1 Examples of Manipulators without Parameters
• 12.2.2 A Remark on the Manipulator endl
• 12.3 Manipulators with Parameters
• 12.3.1 The Standard Manipulators
• 12.3.2 The Principle of Manipulators with Parameters
• 12.3.3 Examples of Manipulators with Parameters

Chapter 13: Streams and Stream Buffers

• 13.1 Streams as Objects
• 13.2 Copying and Assigning Stream Objects
• 13.2.1 Copying a Stream's Data Members
• 13.2.2 Sharing Stream Buffers Inadvertently
• 13.2.3 Using Pointers or References to Streams
• 13.3 Sharing a Stream Buffer Among Streams
• 13.3.1 Several Format Settings for the Same Stream
• 13.3.2 Several Locales for the Same Stream
• 13.3.3 Input and Output to the Same Stream
• 13.4 Copies of the Stream Buffer

Chapter 14: Synchronizing Streams

• 14.1 Sharing Files Among Streams
• 14.2 Explicit Synchronization
• 14.2.1 Output Streams
• 14.2.2 Input Streams
• 14.3 Implicit Synchronization Using the unitbuf Format Flag
• 14.4 Implicit Synchronization by Tying Streams
• 14.5 Synchronizing the Predefined Standard Streams
• 14.6 Synchronization with the C Standard I/O

Chapter 15: Stream Storage for Private Use

• 15.1 Adding Data to a Stream
• 15.2 An Example: Storing a Date Format String
• 15.3 Another Look at the Date Format String
• 15.4 Caveat

Chapter 16: Registration of Callback Functions

• 16.1 Defining Callback Functions
• 16.2 An Example

Chapter 17: Creating New Stream Classes by Derivation

• 17.1 Deriving a New Stream Type
• 17.2 Choosing a Base Class
• 17.3 Construction and Initialization
• 17.3.1 Derivation from File Stream or String Stream Classes Like (i/o)fstream<> or (i/o)stringstream<>
• 17.3.2 Derivation from the Stream Classes basic_(i/o)stream<>
• 17.4 The Example
• 17.4.1 The Derived Stream Class
• 17.4.2 The Date Inserter
• 17.4.3 The Manipulator
• 17.4.4 A Remark on Performance
• 17.5 Using iword/pword for RTTI in Derived Streams

Chapter 18: Stream Buffers

• 18.1 Class streambuf: the Sequence Abstraction
• 18.1.1 The streambuf Hierarchy
• 18.1.2 The streambuf Interface
• 18.2 Deriving New Stream Buffer Classes
• 18.3 Connecting iostream and streambuf Objects

Chapter 19: Defining A Code Conversion Facet

• 19.1 Categories of Code Conversions
• 19.2 Example 1: Defining a Tiny Character Code Conversion (ASCII <-> EBCDIC)
• 19.2.1 Derive a New Facet Type
• 19.2.2 Specialize the New Facet Type and Implement the Member Functions
• 19.2.3 Use the New Code Conversion Facet
• 19.3 Error Indication in Code Conversion Facets
• 19.4 Example 2: Defining a Multibyte Character Code Conversion (JIS <-> Unicode)
• 19.4.1 Define a New Conversion State Type
• 19.4.2 Define a New Character Traits Type
• 19.4.3 Define the Code Conversion Facet
• 19.4.4 Use the New Code Conversion Facet

Chapter 20: Defining Your Own Character Types

• 20.1 User-Defined Character Types
• 20.1.1 Requirements for User-Defined Character Types
• 20.2 Defining Traits and Facets for User-Defined Types
• 20.3 Creating and Using Streams Instantiated on User-Defined Types

Chapter 21: Locales

• 21.1 Locales and Iostreams
• 21.2 When to Imbue a New Locale
• 21.3 An Example

Chapter 22: Stream Iterators

• 22.1 Definition
• 22.2 Differences between Stream Iterators and Container Iterators
• 22.3 Error Indication by Stream Iterators
• 22.4 Several Iterators on One Stream

Chapter 23: Iostreams and Multithreading

• 23.1 Multithread-Safe: Level 2
• 23.2 The Locking Mechanism
• 23.2.1 Protecting the Buffer
• 23.2.2 Locking Several Stream Operations
• 23.3 The Location of Locks

Chapter 24: Standard vs. Traditional Iostreams

• 24.1 The Character Type
• 24.2 Internationalization
• 24.3 File Streams
• 24.3.1 Connecting Files and Streams
• 24.3.2 The File Buffer
• 24.4 String Streams
• 24.5 Streams with Assign

Chapter 25: Standard vs. Rogue Wave Iostreams

• 25.1 Extensions
• 25.1.1 File Descriptors
• 25.1.2 Multithreaded Environments
• 25.2 Restrictions
• 25.3 Deprecated Features

Appendix A: Implementation Notes

• A.1 Implementation-Dependent Behavior

©Copyright 1998, Rogue Wave Software, Inc.
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